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Skip to content Sarà presentato oggi a Taranto, alle ore 18, al Salina Hotel, uno studio accademico che analizza la possibilità di realizzare in riva allo Jonio un polo dell’idrogeno alimentato da fonti rinnovabili. Uno scenario che sarebbe capace di generare 14mila di posti di lavoro nei prossimi 20 anni.
Sarà il professor Livio De Santoli dell’Università La Sapienza di Roma, insieme ad Angelo Consoli, presidente del CETRI, a entrare nei dettagli dello studio , dopo l’introduzione della parlamentare europea Rosa D’Amato (gruppo Green/Efa).
L’Hydrogen Park a Taranto – si legge nella scheda tecnica relativa allo studio – ha lo scopo di accelerare il processo di decarbonizzazione del territorio, mediante la produzione e l’utilizzo del vettore idrogeno.
Un Hydrogen Park necessita di conoscere il potenziale delle aree tecnologiche presenti per attrarre investimenti in relazione alla intera catena del valore dell’idrogeno.
In particolare, occorre valutare la fattibilità tecnico-economica della realizzazione degli elettrofuels, temi di frontiera che già oggi impongono un sostegno alla ricerca applicata, soprattutto in aree fortemente industrializzate per la raffinazione petrolchimica.
L’Hydrogen Park di Taranto è immaginato all’interno di una strategia dell’idrogeno che può rappresentare un riferimento per il sistema pugliese ed italiano. L’orizzonte temporale dello studio è fissato al 2030 con uno step intermedio al 2024.
Obiettivi dello Studio
L’attuale settore di consumo maggiore è quello industriale, che ricopre quasi il 75% dei consumi totali, valore significativamente maggiore rispetto alla media nazionale (42%). Dalle simulazioni, la richiesta totale di energia elettrica attualmente riferita alla provincia di Taranto è compresa tra 0.47 e 0,74 GW di potenza. Il valore complessivo dell’energia richiesta è pari a 5180 GWh/anno, mentre il consumo di energia termica risulta pari a 2712.3 GWh/anno.
L’obiettivo di capacità elettrolitica da installare, per la provincia di Taranto, è pari a 7.5 MW al 2024 e a 50 MW al 2030 per la produzione di idrogeno verde. Questa corrisponde ad un quantitativo annuale pari a circa 900 tonH2/anno al 2024 e pari a 5,700 tonH2/anno al 2030. Per ottenere questo risultato, è necessario installare 50 MW fotovoltaici e 60 MW eolici.
Nel caso in cui non fosse possibile installare tale quantità di impianti eolici, anche o soprattutto per la lunghezza del periodo di autorizzazione, occorrerà provvedere con almeno 100 MW di fotovoltaico supplementari per un totale di 150 MW.
Usi dell’idrogeno
Si prevede di usare l’idrogeno nei seguenti settori:
• trasporto pubblico (autobus). Lo scenario preso in considerazione si pone come obiettivo la sostituzione di 40 autobus con i nuovi a Fuel Cell. Se ne ricaverebbe un valore di idrogeno annuo necessario alla gestione dei mezzi di 372.3 ton.H2/anno. • trasporto pubblico (treni). Lo scenario considera la sostituzione dell’intera flotta a trazione diesel dell’unica tratta che prevede l’uso di treni diesel (Taranto-Reggio Calabria) con nuovi treni a Fuel Cell. La quantità di idrogeno necessaria per realizzare lo scenario di uso finale è di 207 ton.H2/anno. • trasporto pesante su gomma – Nella provincia di Taranto è possibile stimare il quantitativo di idrogeno da destinare a rifornimento di mezzi pari a 150 ton H2/anno (2,5% del totale di produzione generato dalla Hydrogen Park): 40 camion a lunga percorrenza. • diesel di sintesi – Volendo sfruttare il 10% del totale di idrogeno disponibile dallo scenario, ovvero 569 ton.H2/anno, per la produzione di questo diesel di sintesi, sarà possibile produrre una quantità pari a 2,124 ton diesel/anno, utilizzato nel settore navale di piccolo cabotaggio.
Questo utilizzo risulta quasi la metà di tutti gli interventi ipotizzati nell’ambito del trasporto.
• miscelazione nella rete del gas – Per l’utilizzo di idrogeno in blending con il gas naturale, quasi esclusivamente rivolto al greening del settore del riscaldamento degli edifici, risulta necessario immettere in rete il 77.2% del totale di idrogeno che si stima di produrre annualmente. Questo valore equivale ad una quantità di idrogeno da smaltire pari a circa 4,388 ton H2/anno.
L’utilizzo dell’idrogeno prodotto nell’Hydrogen Park permetterà una riduzione delle emissioni di gas climalteranti pari a 75.652 Ton CO2eq/anno. Il costo complessivo per gli usi finali dell’idrogeno ipotizzati risulta pari a 56.6 milioni di euro.
Fattibilità a Taranto
L’impianto previsto a Taranto riguarderebbe una vasta superficie (anche in area SIN) e verrebbe utilizzata la pipeline di Snam per utilizzare in forma blended l’idrogeno prodotto. I potenziali utilizzatori finali dell’idrogeno potrebbero essere, ad esempio, le attuali centrali elettriche operanti della zona. Il vicino depuratore di Acquedotto Pugliese fornirebbe acqua per l’elettrolisi.
L’impianto fotovoltaico ha una potenza superiore a 60 MWp e la produzione elettrica sarà almeno di oltre 116.000 MWh all’anno. I pannelli solari sono del tipo a tracciamento monoassiale.
Impatto occupazionale
A titolo di esemplificazione: investendo un milione di euro nell’industria tradizionale si crea un posto di lavoro. Se lo si investe nel settore energetico tradizionale si creano 8 posti di lavoro. Se lo si investe nelle tecnologie della decarbonizzazione si ottengono 25 posti di lavoro.
Con gli investimenti sull’idrogeno verde, ipotizzati nel studio, come prima approssimazione sono stimabili 5.000 posti di lavoro aggiuntivi al 2030, tenendo conto anche della maggiore disponibilità di risorse nei settori indotti e la necessità di percorsi formativi ad alta professionalità.
Considerando inoltre 50 MW di elettrolizzatori da installare a Taranto entro il 2030 (200 milioni di investimenti) a prendendo atto di una intensità occupazionale dell’idrogeno vicina a quella delle rinnovabili (con 15 posti di lavoro a milione di euro investito) a Taranto questo settore dovrebbe creare intorno a 4.500-5.000 entro il 2030. Con una punta stimata di 14mila posti di lavoro in 20 anni.
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